ifconfig 用于查看 管理网络配置。
OS 可能未集成 ifconfig 命令，使用 apt install net-tools 安装可获得。
root:~# ifconfig (或 /sbin/ifconfig)
enp1s0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:12:3e:00:13:ec
inet addr:172.00.03.147 Bcast:172.01.09.255 Mask:255.255.200.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:19621631 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:23356650 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2063380519 (2.0 GB) TX bytes:36088058168 (36.0 GB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
root:~#
基本语法
ifconfig [-a] [-v] [-s] <interface> [[<AF>] <address>]
[add <address>[/<prefixlen>]]
[del <address>[/<prefixlen>]]
[[-]broadcast [<address>]] [[-]pointopoint [<address>]]
[netmask <address>] [dstaddr <address>] [tunnel <address>]
[outfill <NN>] [keepalive <NN>]
[hw <HW> <address>] [metric <NN>] [mtu <NN>]
[[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti]
[multicast] [[-]promisc]
[mem_start <NN>] [io_addr <NN>] [irq <NN>] [media <type>]
[txqueuelen <NN>]
[[-]dynamic]
[up|down] ...
<HW>=Hardware Type，可能的硬件类型：
loop (Local Loopback) slip (Serial Line IP) cslip (VJ Serial Line IP) slip6 (6-bit Serial Line IP) cslip6 (VJ 6-bit Serial Line IP) adaptive (Adaptive Serial Line IP) ash (Ash) ether (Ethernet) ax25 (AMPR AX.25) netrom (AMPR NET/ROM) rose (AMPR ROSE) tunnel (IPIP Tunnel) ppp (Point-to-Point Protocol) hdlc ((Cisco)-HDLC) lapb (LAPB) arcnet (ARCnet) dlci (Frame Relay DLCI) frad (Frame Relay Access Device) sit (IPv6-in-IPv4) fddi (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) hippi (HIPPI) irda (IrLAP) ec (Econet) x25 (generic X.25) eui64 (Generic EUI-64)
<AF>=Address family，默认为 inet，可能的地址系列：
unix (UNIX Domain) inet (DARPA Internet) inet6 (IPv6) ax25 (AMPR AX.25) netrom (AMPR NET/ROM) rose (AMPR ROSE) ipx (Novell IPX) ddp (Appletalk DDP) ec (Econet) ash (Ash) x25 (CCITT X.25)
选项参数
| 参数 | EN 解释 | 中文翻译 | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Function | 命令 | Explanation | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| 查看 | ifconfig | 展示网卡信息 | |
| /sbin/ifconfig | |||
| 修改 | ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.71 netmask 255.255.255.0 | 设置 eth0 网卡的当前 IP 地址和子网掩码 | 重启计算机后可能失效，推荐 静态方式 |
| ifconfig enp1s0 192.168.1.71 netmask 255.255.255.0 | 设置 enp1s0 网卡的当前 IP 地址和子网掩码 | ||
| Version | ifconfig -V | 展示版本信息 | |
| ifconfig -version | |||
| 帮助 | ifconfig -h | 展示帮助信息 | |
| ifconfig --help |
以静态方式配置网卡后，IP 从不改变 (修改前采用 ping 命令，看局域网内是否已存在此 IP)：
root:~# vi /etc/network/interfaces (其 enp1s0 为网卡外) # The primary network interface auto enp1s0 iface enp1s0 inet static address 192.168.1.71 gateway 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 root:~# /etc/init.d/networking restart (重启网络服务) root:~#
以 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 方式配置网卡后，每次启动时自动从路由器动态获取 IP 地址：
root:~# vi /etc/network/interfaces (添加 DHCP 行) # The primary network interface - use DHCP to find our address auto enp1s0 iface enp1s0 inet dhcp root:~# /etc/init.d/networking restart (重启网络服务或 dhclient enp1s0) root:~#
其它相关技术：
root:~# vi /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf (在文档最后添加 blacklist ipv6，禁用 IPv6 保存退出) root:~# cat /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf (查看配置情况) root:~# route add default gw 192.168.2.254 (设置默认网关 192.168.2.254) root:~# vi /etc/resolv.conf (加入 nameserver DNS地址1 和 nameserver DNS地址2，保存退出) root:~#
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